Baroque music, spanning from approximately 1600 to 1750, marks a pivotal era in the history of Western classical music. This period witnessed profound developments in musical form, style, and theory, paralleling significant changes in society, politics, and culture. The term "Baroque" derives from the Portuguese word "barroco," meaning a misshapen pearl, reflecting the era's ornate and intricate aesthetic.
The Baroque era emerged in the context of the Counter-Reformation, where the Catholic Church sought to reassert its influence against the rise of Protestantism. Art, including music, became a tool for conveying religious emotion and grandeur. This period also coincided with the rise of absolutist monarchies, such as the court of Louis XIV in France, where music played a central role in glorifying the state and its ruler.